According to the opinion, to be found liable for contributory infringement, a party must be found to have continued supplying its product to someone it knows or has reason to know is engaging in trademark infringement. The court further found that the “knows or has reason to know” standard is met if the party is willfully blind to the infringement. Specifically, in the Ninth Circuit ruling, willful blindness requires the defendant to be aware of specific instances of infringement or specific infringers. Without that knowledge, the defendant need not search for infringement. General knowledge of infringement on the defendant’s platform is not enough to show willful blindness. The Second, Fourth, and Tenth Circuits have reached similar conclusions in ruling on contributory trademark infringement in this context.