The antitrust landscape for data centers

Antitrust and competition laws are designed to promote fair competition and prevent practices that could harm consumers or stifle innovation. For data centers, which often serve multiple clients or customers – including those who directly compete with one another – these laws present unique challenges. The risk is not just in overt collusion or price-fixing, but also in the subtle, often unintentional, exchange of information that could influence market behavior.

Competitively sensitive information includes confidential, non-public data such as pricing strategies, customer lists, capacity plans, future expansion projects and technical specifications. If such information is shared – directly or indirectly – between competitors, it can lead to inferences of or actual coordinated behavior, reduced competition and, ultimately, regulatory investigation.

Key risks in data center operations

1. Shared facilities and personnel: Many data centers operate as “carrier-neutral” facilities, hosting multiple clients in the same physical space. Employees who manage these facilities may inadvertently access or share information between clients, especially if robust information barriers are not put in place. It is important that employees be adequately trained to mitigate this risk and that they know what to do and whom to notify in the event of such inadvertent access.
2. Joint ventures and industry consortia: Data centers often participate in joint ventures or industry groups to set standards or develop shared infrastructure. While this sort of collaboration can drive innovation, it also creates opportunities for the inappropriate exchange of sensitive information, either during meetings or through shared documentation. Appropriate guardrails should be put in place to protect against this. The participation of counsel in setup and meetings is often critical to the process.
3. Third-party service providers: Outsourcing maintenance, security or IT support can introduce additional risks. Third-party vendors may have access to confidential client data and, without proper controls, could become conduits for information leaks. Data centers must know their third-party vendors well, understand their contractual obligations and ensure that appropriate protocols are being followed to protect against any leaks.
4. Cloud-based management tools: The use of centralized management platforms or cloud-based monitoring tools can inadvertently aggregate data from multiple clients. If access controls are insufficient, sensitive information can be exposed to competitors. Before implementing such tools, data centers must install walls that are capable of segregating customer data.
5. Mergers and acquisitions: During due diligence for mergers or acquisitions, data centers may need to share detailed business information. Weak protocols increase the risk that competitively sensitive data will be disclosed to rival firms. The use of a clean team agreement and process will likely be necessary to protect competitively sensitive information appropriately.